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  • Cautionary signal for ports, cyclone ‘Gati’ coming

    Cautionary signal for ports, cyclone ‘Gati’ coming

    After the threat of ‘Amphan’, the people of Bangladesh had much time in the restoration processes. But it seems nature’s wrath isn’t over yet. Another powerful Cyclone is forming and approaching us. It’s been named Gati. The Indian Weather authorities have expressed that it has formed due to the downward pressure in the Eastern-Middle parts of the Bay of Bengal.

    The maritime ports of Chattogram, Cox’s Bazar, Mongla, and Payra are advised to hoist distant cautionary signal number one after a low over East-central Bay and adjoining North Andaman Sea intensify into a depression.  A warning message has been issued by the Bangladesh Meteorological Department on 12.10.2020 (Sunday) due to Cyclone Gati.

    The depression over West-Central Bay and adjoining East-Central bay moved West-northwestwards over the same area and was centered at 06 AM today about 1086 kilometers southwest of Chattrogram port, 1046 KM southwest of Cox’s Bazar port, 941 Kilometers southwest of Mongla port and 951 Kilometers of Pyra port. It is further and moves in a west/northwest direction.

    Maximum sustained wind speed within 44 Kilometers of the depression center is about 40 kilometer/hour rising to 50 kilometer/hour in guests/squalls. Sea will remain moderate near the depression center.

    Meanwhile, the Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) said that the depression in the East-Central Bay of Bengal has intensified into a cyclone. It is likely to intensify further and to hit the coast of Andhra Pradesh in India on Monday morning.

    However, Bangladesh and especially the coastal regions has been suffering because of the recent cyclones. But this time it seems Cyclone Gati is headed towards Andhra Pradesh. If the track of cyclone is changed, the storm may hit the coastal areas of Bangladesh. Under the effect of the cyclone Gati, heavy rainfall may occur in country but it can be expected that it will not be seeing many severe damages.

    Photo Courtesy: weather.com (Picture used only for representation)

  • River Erosion at a horrible level

    River Erosion at a horrible level

    Tahjeeb Hossain Chowdhury: River Erosion has reached an alarming level in recent times and the oncoming floods are just a red flag for the people in the rural areas. Many of the Upazila, districts, and regions as a whole in Shariatpur. Naira Upazilla adjacent to the Padma River Banks has seen river erosion at such a level that people are losing their homes in an eruption of land being devoured by the river. Families are losing their homes and assets in a blink of an eye because of such strikes from Mother Nature.

    Erosion has been a prime cause for people losing life, limb, and home for a long time in the riverine village sides in Bangladesh. Shariatpur is one area that has seen the worst of it in recent decades. There was a purple patch when erosion-centric breakdowns dried up in the 2012-2016 time period. But after 2016 the breakdown started yet again. In the resulting 4 years, the rural populace has seen horrors that could only be described as a tragedy. The defense infrastructure of the Padma riverbank area has seen damages with about 30 meters already removed.

    SM Ahsan Habib Executive Engineer of the Water Development Board in Shariatpur said to the media about the dumping of Geo-Bags. This season is also a very bad time as currents and prolonged floods are usually the norm in this season. Another cause for concern is the recent ongoing floods. 14 districts in Bangladesh have been affected in the recent floods including Madaripur, Rajbari, Faridpur, and the aforementioned Shariatpur. Kurigram, Gaibandha, Bogra, Nilphamari, and more areas are also damaged.

    With these problems mounting erosion-sensitive areas are more in danger than ever. The people in these areas have been fearing the floods because of how erosion has already damaged their lives to such an extent. 334 Upazilas with 2-4 kilometers worth of embankments have collapsed in the recent floods. There has been a significant amount of money allocated to the development regarding developing the infrastructure of the embankments as per Enamul Haque, the deputy minister for water resources. With 45 lakh people affected in the recent floods, erosion-heavy areas still stand to lose more. Experts have opined that damages could have been mitigated if there was more of a concentrated effort into restructuring and strengthening the riverbank infrastructure.

    (The writer is a marketing graduate, content writer, and data science enthusiast from Dhaka, reach him at [email protected])

    Photo Courtesy: The Daily Star

  • The Prime Minister warns against prolonged floods

    The Prime Minister warns against prolonged floods

    Tahjeeb Hossain Chowdhury: Prime Minister of Bangladesh has warned against prolonged floods in the country. The year 2020 has been a difficult year for the global population with a global pandemic, economic instability, socio-racial movements, and a flurry of tragedies unraveling every day. Bangladesh has been suffering from its own issues outside the COVID-19 pandemic. Bangladesh has seen floods this year that have been developing in the last month or so. Rural areas have seen the unfathomable loss of life, limb, and livelihood because of the flood. With the coastal population being forced to move inland, and rural people clinging on barely, the prime minister heeded warning to authorities in the case of long term ramifications regarding the floods.

    On August 10, the Prime Minister presided over a virtual meeting regarding the issue. She talked about the possibility of a lengthy flood. She warned the authorities and officials regarding the matter. The PM emphasized the need to make preparations for the upcoming floods. The current situation and the upcoming possibility of this being a lengthy flood took center stage in the meeting. The PM also ordered concerned authorities to prepare for rehabilitation work that will follow the floods regardless of length and magnitude. 

    After the meeting in the afternoon, the PM’s orders were briefed by Secretary Khandaker Anwarul Haque. The PM said in the meeting that there are signs of this flood being more devastating in the coming months. The area surrounding Bangabandhu Bridge in Jamuna has seen water levels come down the danger zone. This has also been the case in the Padma region. Yet there are still forecasts of rain. The timeline of the Bhadra month and the weather forecasts mean that there will be considerable flooding. 

    The agricultural protection against flooding was also discussed in the meeting. Anwarul Islam informed about the agricultural ministry having a separate rehabilitation program. The PM has stressed on preserving Amon seeds as a considerable amount of seeds has been damaged. The development of Amon seeds that do not get damaged in spite of 15 days of submersion is also in the works. Although the Amon yield won’t be affected as of now, a lengthy flood might throw a spanner in the works. So the Prime Minister put emphasis on making sure there would be no food shortage in the coming months.

    (The writer is a marketing graduate, content writer, and data science enthusiast from Dhaka, reach him at [email protected])

    Photo Courtesy: The Daily Star

  • Rising sea levels for climate change, a threat to coastal farmers in Bangladesh

    Rising sea levels for climate change, a threat to coastal farmers in Bangladesh

    Tahjeeb Hossain Chowdhury: Climate Change is a worrying prospect for the whole world and nations have been taking steps to brace for impact. But that goes tenfold for a delta nation like Bangladesh. Previous studies have shown that Bangladesh will be one of the victims of the effects of climate change. A very haunting example of this can be seen in the prediction that pertains to agriculture. It has been predicted that the rising water levels might cause coastal farmers of Bangladesh to move inland. 

    Although a riverine country, the coastal farmers have to contend with already dire situations regarding saltwater. The coastal farmers in Bangladesh have to move inland as saltwater can damage the produce. Coupled with the fact that floods have forced farmers to move to fisheries to compensate for losses, the climate change-related water level rising might affect the most vulnerable groups. 

    The Ohio State University associate professor Joyce Chen revealed all of this in her study regarding the farming challenges of Bangladesh pertaining to climate change. She revealed in her study that climate change will affect those who have the fewest resources to begin with. The poor marginalized farmers of the coastal regions who cannot rely on other income would have to move inland to save their lives, let alone occupation. Coastal farmland is under threat because of how much soil salinity is rising. Bangladesh will be hit hard by the change. 

    It is expected that 10-18 millimeters of coastal land will disappear every year as climate change takes a toll. With 40% of Bangladesh’s agricultural land already under threat, there will be a shift of livelihood of close to 1.3 billion. Agriculture will change course to aquaculture as fisheries will become a source of income for the affected populace. 

    Joyce Chen and her co-author Vallerie Mueller have voiced their concerns regarding the incoming danger of people of Bangladesh. She has said that the most vulnerable of farmers will be hit pretty hard by the changing sea levels. Their lives and livelihood will be a bone of contention in the coming era. Although migration to other countries will see a decrease to compensate for the expected change of profession, it is worrying that not every farmer can resort to change. The authors have urged similar countries to learn from Bangladesh’s case. They also called for policies for transition and transformation. 

    (The writer is a marketing graduate, content writer, and data science enthusiast from Dhaka, reach him at [email protected])

  • Coca-Cola is the world’s top plastic polluter, second only to Bangladesh

    Coca-Cola is the world’s top plastic polluter, second only to Bangladesh

    Tahjeeb Hossain Chowdhury: Coca-Cola ranks as the top plastic contaminant among the global multinational corporate brands and second in Bangladesh. The Global Corporate Brand Audit Report of the “Break Free Plastics to Movement” movement titled “Branded: Search for the World’s Corporate Plastic Pollutants” published in October last year.

    The movement’s member organizations recently conducted 239 cleanup operations in 42 countries on six continents between August and September, collecting 187,851 pieces of plastic contaminants. About 10,000 volunteers took part in cleanup operations conducted by 1,300 member organizations worldwide.

    The inspection results showed that about 65% of all plastic waste collected was marked with a clean consumer brand, of which 33,613 pieces were multinational branded plastics. About 9,216 pieces of Coca-Cola, 5,750 pieces of Pepsi Co, 2,950 pieces of Nestle, 1,843 pieces of Danone and 1,664 pieces of Mandalay International brand were found. 

    Volunteers even found Coca-Cola-branded plastic waste “from break-free plastic” thousands of miles away from any habitat in the middle of the Pacific Ocean. However, the world’s top plastic contaminant, Coca-Cola, came in second from the results of a cleanup involving 300 pieces of plastic bottles.

    Shamima Akhter, Coca-Cola Bangladesh’s director of public relations and communications, said to the media “Both producers and consumers have responsibilities. We clean plastic through publicity every year as part of our social responsibility. “Consumers should also be more careful not to throw bottles in places that pollute the environment. Plastic is the primary concern behind seawater, but plastic bottles come from market demand”. “Consumers should change their behavior. Otherwise, it is not possible for a single organization to deal with environmental pollution. Coca-Cola has formulated a goal of collecting or recycling a number equaling each bottle, or the company move to sales of such materials worldwide by the year 2030, she added.

    The Environment and Social Development Organization (ESDO) is a member of the “Break Free Plastics” movement, which organizes the only cleanup program in Bangladesh.

    Plastics are the main concern for environmental pollution. Coca-Cola is recognized as a top contaminant because of the large number of bottles of their size and shape worldwide. Some of their bottles are recyclable and some are non-recyclable.

    Coca-Cola recycles 20% of their plastic bottles worldwide. ESDO Secretary General Shahriar Hossain said to the media “Coca-Cola is polluting the environment and that is why they should be paid for the damage they are doing”. “The United States and the EU want to gradually ban plastics. This is not possible in a day or two, so they make laws and regulations to reduce plastic bottles and then ban them,” Shahriar added.

    (The writer is a marketing graduate, content writer, and data science enthusiast from Dhaka, reach him at [email protected])

    Photo Courtesy: Photo from Coca-Cola TV

  • Plastic waste dumping risks the Bay of Bengal

    Plastic waste dumping risks the Bay of Bengal

    Tahjeeb Hossain Chowdhury: As part of the South Asian Ocean Territory (SAS), Bangladesh is currently facing the worst situation of marine pollution due to plastics – one of the most polluted pollutants in the world and affecting the oceans. Plastic waste dumping risks the Bay of Bengal

    Marine debris, including plastic waste, is a solid material found in marine and coastal areas, a solid material that is produced, processed, and is a major problem due to its harmful effects on the environment, wildlife and human health in the Bay of Bengal, according to a country report based on a review of scientific and policy documents, along with a recent preliminary survey of Bangladesh’s four beaches.

    The report, entitled “Database, Proposed Recycled Enterprise and National Status with Marine Litter Intervention”, is the result of the South Asian Maritime Program (SASP)’s Regional Action Plan on Marine Litter in the SAS Region. According to the report, due to human activities, marine waste reaches from the land to the sea through rivers, drainage systems, wind action, and intentional or unintentional currents in the sea.

    During the survey, a total of 6,705 pieces of waste products were found along the beaches of Bangladesh – Labni and Inani in Cox’s Bazar and Anandabazar and Patenga in Chittagong – 18.5 km long. The litter contained 63% plastic, 13% foam plastic, 2% cloth, 1% glass and ceramic, 1% metal, 9% paper and cardboard, 3% rubber, 1% wood and 7% other materials. Plastic bags are seen as the most common type of litter: at least 2,182 pieces of plastic bags were found on the beach.

    The survey found 588 pieces of insulation and packaging foam, 470 pieces of cigarette butts and filters and 300 bottles. Survey bottle caps and lids, drums, jerry cans, buckets, disposable containers, straws, strutters, drink packaging, food containers, bags, gloves, cigarette lighters, syringes, baskets, crates and trays, mesh bags, fishing gear, different types of plastic waste. The report made several recommendations to bring down and control the reckless dumping of plastic waste on the beach.

    According to the report, there are two sources of marine debris: sea and land. Sea-based sources include merchant ships, ferries and cruise liners, fishing ships, offshore oil and gas platforms, and fish farming facilities, and land-based sewage, municipal and industrial wastes. About 80% of the garbage on the beach, including industrial sources and waste, comes from secondary sources. Most of the industries in Bangladesh are located near major river systems like Buriganga, Shitalakshya, Balu, Turag, Karnafuli, Rupsha and Meghna – all of which end in the Bay of Bengal.

    With proper management, these industries dump their industrial wastes directly into this river, which eventually ends up in the bay. Globally, plastic is one of the most dangerous pollutants in the oceans and seas. This is directly affecting the ecology and biodiversity of the oceans due to its non-biodegradable nature. Plastic lasts for a thousand years and contains about 90% of the world’s ocean debris.

    Plastic kills one million seabirds and one million marine mammals and countless fish each year. Also, plastic litter called microplastics breaks into small pieces that affect humans after entering the fish and food chain through seabirds, marine mammals, and fishnets, and cages. Microplastic beads can also cause cancer in humans.

    (The writer is a marketing graduate, content writer, and data science enthusiast from Dhaka, reach him at [email protected])

  • 80000 crores allocated for food and agricultural imports

    80000 crores allocated for food and agricultural imports

    Every year a huge sum of money is being spent only on food imports. Bangladesh is still dependent on imports of edible oil, oilseeds, milk and dairy products, pulses, fruits, and spices. The World Bank says in an analysis of statistics on agricultural and food products imported into the country between 2015 and 2016, presented in the FAO’s annual statistics that Bangladesh is importing goods worth an average 720 crore dollars annually.

    After conversion on the basis of the current exchange rate, the amount in Bangladeshi currency stands at more than 60,000 crores. If cotton imports are taken into account outside the figures presented by the World Bank, the cost of importing food and agricultural products will exceed 60000 crore taka. Bangladesh has spent more than 24000 crores on cotton exports in 2018-19 as well.

    Data from the World Bank shows that more than half of the total import expenditure on other agricultural and food products other than cotton is spent on importing four products. Of this, 26 percent is spent on edible oil (18 percent on palm oil and 10 percent on soybean and other edible oils).

    Apart from this, the cost of importing wheat and sugar is 14 percent and 11 percent of the total expenditure respectively. Moreover, 6 percent of the total expenditure is being spent on importing dried vegetables, 6 percent on rice, and 6 percent on soybean seed. Besides, 4 percent is being spent on milk and cream imports, 3 percent on maize, and 3 percent on animal feed.

    In addition, oil cakes, apples, and other fruits, onions, and other spices cost 2 percent each, 1 percent is spent on importing seven products. These are citrus fruit, flour, wheat, ginger, saffron, turmeric, gram, and fish products.

    Hamidur Rahman, a member of the expert pool of the Ministry of Agriculture and former Director-General of the Department of the Agriculture Extension (DAE), thinks that there is a huge import dependence on food and agricultural products although able to produce locally, that opportunity was not used in Bangladesh. This has also increased the pressure on the foreign exchange due to increased import dependence.

    The Ministry of Agriculture is currently working to increase the cultivation of oilseeds and pulses, he said, adding that the period is being shortened by increasing the use of more high-yielding varieties in the Boro and Aman seasons. This will bring out several lakh hectares of land. Then it will be possible to possible to cultivate oil and pulses in these lands. Although wheat production has not increased at that rate due to weather conditions, opportunities are being used to increase production,

    According to the statistics, in the 2018-19 financial year, against the production of 12 lakh tons of wheat, about 57 lakh tons have been imported. Due to a kind of stagnation in production, the cost of importing wheat has exceeded 9,500 crore taka. The same is true of edible oils and oilseed. The lion’s share of the demand for both types of products has to be met through imports.

    About 20000 crore taka is going out every year for the import of these products. On the other hand, milk production in the country has doubled to 99 lakh tons in the last few years. But the demand is not being met. Even after this, there is a deficit of about 5 million tons. As a result, there is a kind of import dependence in this case as well. Given the right plan, it is possible to meet the demand for milk and dairy products through production locally.

    With the food and agriculture imports coming in, it should be apparent that we are going to be better equipped for the post-COVID slump. It has been predicted by the pundits and gurus of the economics sphere.

    (The writer is a marketing graduate, content writer, and data science enthusiast from Dhaka, reach him at [email protected])

  • Agriculture Budget of 2020

    Agriculture Budget of 2020

    Tahjeeb Hossain Chowdhury: The budget declaration has always been a topic for discussion and more often than not debate among citizens, experts, even international mediums. That time of the year has come around again as the Bangladesh Budget for 2020-2021 has been made available from the public. Our agriculture is a strong driving force behind both our economy as well as our environmental balance as well. So it would be a good idea to take a look at the biggest takeaways from the Agricultural portion of the budget 2020-2021.

    A firm concentration on the ongoing Covid-19 situation

    A very noticeable part of what the budget entails is how much of it gives importance to tackling the ongoing pandemic. The agriculture part of it is no exception. As a part of the previously predicted food crisis due to the pandemic, the budget presents it as the ultimate challenge for the nation. The budget has emphasized on the continuation of activities for encouraging agriculture and bolster our self-dependence on rice that we have achieved. These activities along with. It also sheds light on the Amon and Boro bumper production and how we need more workers to get that paddy into the storehouses. Stress has been put on to invest effort and time into wheat production so that we can achieve proper standards.

    To make accessories and necessary materials like seeds, fertilizer, cultivation tools and machinery more accessible for the COVID-19 crisis period was also a notable addition to the budget proceedings. To put it into better perspectives, bracing for the economic and operational impact of this pandemic was one of the key aspects of the agricultural budget.

    Sustainable Cultivation and Innovation

    Another notable addition to the budget was innovation and sustainable practices. Seeds of crops and produce that can withstand harsh weather was taken up in 2009. And now the efforts to continue the research has been mentioned in the budget which has 109 breeds.

    The investment of 3198 crore towards mechanization of agricultural activities is a welcome addition. Deficits of 9500 crore and reinvestment of 5000 crore was also mentioned. And chemical fertilizer prices are to be stable during the fiscal year.

    Fisheries and Livestock

    Another part of the agricultural spectrum is also the Fisheries and Livestock breeding. Provisions for these is also quite visible. It talks about how we are self-sufficient towards fulfilling our protein demands. Also, the Covid-19 risk of not being able to fulfill demands in the lockdown environment was a topic of discussion. To rehabilitate the fisheries industry, the government will take the necessary steps in post-COVID times.

    Deep-Sea Fishing activities

    Another very notable addition to the budget is the deep sea fishing activities. The budget states the establishing of the “Marine Fishing Laws -2020” which entails fishing standards and regulations for doing business with such. The deep-sea fishing of Tuna has great potential although the activities have not begun yet. Sea Vessels to facilitate such fishing is to be collected according to the budget.

    Funds into researching deep sea fishing, fish breeds along with poultry, livestock has also been mentioned. Innovations, inventions, patents of several researching has been added into the budget.

    Food Security

    To provide food for the populace during and after the COVID pandemic, provisions have been taken. Targets of 7.98 lakh metric tons of Amon, 8 lakh metric ton of boro, and 11.5 lakh metric ton of rice collection limit has been taken. The most affected corona victims have to be cared more along with people living below the poverty line. Provisions for their food have also been made in the budget.

    The provisions for food security for 2020-2021 is 22, 489 crores which is an increment from last year (21,484 crores).

    (The writer is a marketing graduate, content writer, and data science enthusiast from Dhaka, reach him at [email protected])

  • What is the Bangladesh Clean Air Act?

    What is the Bangladesh Clean Air Act?

    Tahjeeb Hossain Chowdhury: The Bangladesh Clean Air Act has been introduced and there are quite a few radical changes here of note. The well-documented issue of air pollution has come up again and again in the conscience of Bangladeshi Citizens and lawmakers. In recent years, Dhaka alongside New Delhi has been in the rankings as the top uninhabitable cities in the world. A major part of that can be chalked up to how much air pollutants have skyrocketed. The government has been taking isolated steps in order to reduce pollution. But this time it seems like the wheels have turned and the government has decided to concentrate their efforts into making air pollution reduced.

    The Department of Environment along with The Bangladesh Environmental Lawyer’s Association have teamed up to draft the new Bangladesh Clean Air Act. This is in part done to help the preservation of air and reduction of Air Pollution across the regions of Bangladesh. This new set of regulations is a long time coming. It includes Jail time and Fines for violations of the clean air act regulations. With a varied set of rules, the act is said to have good provisions for encouraging preservation and threatening pollution activities 

     The Act has some notable highlights including:

    • The Department of Environment will put together a National Air Quality Management Plan.
    • The government can put out a declaration that an area is “critical” if the air quality deteriorates to an intolerable level, to deal with the restoration of the Air Quality
    • Will initiate a 29-member advisory council with delegates representing different ministries and departments to monitor and recommend implementation of the National Air Quality Management Plan.
    • A maximum jail time of 10 years or fine according to the severity or both as the punishments for violation of the law.
    • In the case of faults and discrepancies by any government agency, the head of the said organization will be considered the guilty party for the violation. Further punishment measures will be dealt to the agency head.

    The brick kilns, generators, and other sources of pollution have been recorded. It all comes down to the unchecked industrial work that goes into urbanization. But the Clean Air Act should bring order to the chaos and help in saving our citizens. Only time will tell if the execution is in line with the regulations.

    (The writer is a marketing graduate, content writer, and data science enthusiast from Dhaka, reach him at [email protected])

  • Boro Rice procurement far from the target

    Boro Rice procurement far from the target

    Tahjeeb Hossain Chowdhury: Under the very dire situation of a Pandemic and multiple calamities, the collection and procurement of Boro Rice have been way off the mark. The government has ordered a portion of Boro that is way lower than the initial target projections were thought to be. With the condition of the Covid-19 getting more confusing and worse at the same time, it’s been discouraging to see dwindling numbers of Boro Procurement this year. 

    The Procurement drive had made some lofty goals in the buildup. The target of Boro Paddy Procurement was 800,000 tons this year. Only 7750 tons were procured by the director-general of food, which is less than one percent of the target in mind. In the case of Parboiled rice from millers, only 6% of the 1000,000 tons target was procured by the food office. The drive began on April 26 and would go up to August 21. 

    Farmer’s interest in selling to the market as high as the prices increased compared to the last year.  The farmers were opting not to sell to public warehouses because of the government policy of not buying paddy above 14% moisture. With the targets of Paddy, Parboiled, and sunburn rice being twice the size of last year’s target, the purchase and procurement speed has been dismal, to say the least. The Directorate General of Food (DGF) has addressed the situation as undesirable and hopes to strengthen the purchase efforts in the remaining days of the drive.

    The continuous rainfall, Cyclone Amphan, and the Eid holidays are to blame for the lackluster speed of procurement. The importance of procurement of Boro Paddy has reached apex levels as the pandemic requires more food stocks for the poor people in the coming days. With a 12% increase of food distribution for relief, Open Market Sale, and food-friendly programs for supporting the poor raised the volume to 24.5 tons within the last one year. The DGF itself has a stock limit of 19.5 tons of food. 

    While the targets are a far cry from the current procurement numbers, the food stock needs to be close to the target level. The country representative of International Food Policy Research Institute, Akhter Ahmed, emphasized this point of stocking up food for the coming days. The drive has been said to be on its way to success. The prices being high in the market coupled with the market being quite optimistic, this was the perfect time for the Farmers to cash in. Because of Government’s high purchase promise Millers stocked the public storages according to their commitments with the DGF. 

    IFPRI representative Akhter Ahmed has also advised the government to buy the paddy even if the moisture levels are higher than usual. Experts like MA Sattar Mandal have advised to stock up 20 lakh tons of food for the upcoming days. Covid-19 time is a testing duration and the people need proper stocks of food. 

    The DGF has further ordered officials to accelerate the Boro Rice procurement plans to get close to the target purchase.

    (The writer is a marketing graduate, content writer, and data science enthusiast from Dhaka, reach him at [email protected])

    Photo Courtesy: World Grain